Lewis Carroll Essays - Alice In Wonderland, , Term Papers

Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll is the penname of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson was born on January 27, 1832, in Daresbury England. He was the oldest boy in a family of eleven children of Reverend Charles Dodgson and his wife, Francis Jane Lutwidge. Carroll was relatively pleasant in his childhood, full of ideas and hobbies that contributed to his future creative works. His playmates were mostly his brothers and sisters. He really only played with his sister and never much his brothers though. He took care of his younger sisters most of his younger life and many think thats where he developed his great imagination. He did have a stammer but it is suggested it may have arisen from his parents, when they tried to make him right handed, this may have caused him to think that something was wrong with him, therefore hurting his self-confidence. Carroll was very shy when he spoke to adults, so his speech became difficult to understand. This might have contributed to him being able to communicate with children so well, because he found it easier to become friends with them. Carrolls father had been a big impact on his life, he passed away when Carroll was 36 years old, which he said was the saddest thing of his life. His father was an honorable minister of Christ Church, this mounted Carrolls religious devotion. Lewis Carrolls mother was the essence of the Victorian gentlewoman, and loveable and loved but he mostly talked about his father rather than his mother. Lewis Carroll grew up with an extraordinary education and he was very successful with many publications. He began his education at Richmond Grammar School and then attended Rugby until 1849. In 1851 Carroll matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford. Carroll followed the path of his father by deciding to attend Christ Church, but differently, he did not go on to marry or become a practicing minister. He spent at total of 47 years there, from being a student, to receiving bachelor and masters of art degrees to mathematical professor. Even after he retired as a math professor, he became a curator of the Senior Common Room for 10 years (DLB v.18 46). Rather unlike Carrolls literary works such as Alice, Carroll published mathematical and symbolical texts, which include The Game of Logic (1886) and Symbolic Logic, Parts 1 2 (1886, 1887). Along with mathematical and literary works, Carroll also published his photograph compilation in Lewis Carroll, Photographer (1849) that shows his superiorit y in another area (45). Before photography became one of his interests, Carroll drew many pictures that he tried to publish. But his drawings were not up to par in order to be accepted for publication. He excelled much more in photography and had been described as the best photographer of children in the nineteenth century (Pudney 54). His most influential focus of child photography was Alice Liddell. Carroll was taking photographs of the Christ Church Cathedral from the deanery of the college when he encountered Alice Liddell and her two sisters, the daughters of the Dean, Henry George Liddell (DLB v.18 47-48). From that day on Carroll had a close relationship with the three daughters. The relationship Carroll was beginning to establish with the Liddell daughters did not please Mrs. Liddell very much. She was rather suspicious of his motives for associating with her children (DLB v.163 61). Despite her feelings, Carroll was still permitted to escort the girls on day trips, which they enjoyed (62). During the afternoon of July 4, 1862, the story, which would become known as Alices Adventures in Wonderland, was told for the first time (63). Carroll created this fascinating story to entertain the Liddell girls, Lorina, Alice, and Edith throughout a boat ride on the river Isis. From all three girls came the plead, Tel l us a story and from there is history. After the boat ride, he met with Liddells daughters for walks and croquet and heard them sign Beautiful Star, which entered the book as the Mock Turtles song on Beautiful Soup. Alice enjoyed the story Carroll created so much that she coerced him to record the tale on paper. And so Carroll began to write. By February 10, 1963,

Free Essays on Gatsby And The American Dream

A dream is defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as: a strongly desired goal or purpose, something that fully satisfies a wish. In the beginning pages of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story gives us a glimpse into Gatsby’s idealistic dream of winning back Daisy Buchanan. That was his main goal in life for five years. It was the only reason he existed. This is comparable to The American Dream, which was the goal of many people back in the 1920’s. Throughout the novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald tried to disparage the American Dream by using the three places of residence, West Egg, East Egg, and the Valley of Ashes, and the circumstances by which Jay Gatsby earned his fortune. The American Dream is a concept that plays a significant role in the novel, The Great Gatsby, which was written by Fitzgerald in the 1920’s. The 1920’s were a time period when many Americans were living the dream. The American Dream embodies the best of America. It is the chance to gain material wealth and spiritual happiness for people who start out with nothing. This is a great example of how Fitzgerald used the The American Dream. Jay Gatsby started from nothing and gained material wealth. But he never got the spiritual happiness because only half of his dream was fulfilled. People from all different countries used to come to America for the chance to turn their hard work into success. The American Dream is the equal opportunity for achievement and happiness. However, instead of showing us how great the dream is, The Great Gatsby shows how society has corrupted it. Fitzgerald used Jay Gatsby’s dream of wanting Daisy Buchanan as a symbol of the The Ameri can Dream. Gatsby’s understanding of the The American Dream was quite different than most people. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matte... Free Essays on Gatsby And The American Dream Free Essays on Gatsby And The American Dream A dream is defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as: a strongly desired goal or purpose, something that fully satisfies a wish. In the beginning pages of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story gives us a glimpse into Gatsby’s idealistic dream of winning back Daisy Buchanan. That was his main goal in life for five years. It was the only reason he existed. This is comparable to The American Dream, which was the goal of many people back in the 1920’s. Throughout the novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald tried to disparage the American Dream by using the three places of residence, West Egg, East Egg, and the Valley of Ashes, and the circumstances by which Jay Gatsby earned his fortune. The American Dream is a concept that plays a significant role in the novel, The Great Gatsby, which was written by Fitzgerald in the 1920’s. The 1920’s were a time period when many Americans were living the dream. The American Dream embodies the best of America. It is the chance to gain material wealth and spiritual happiness for people who start out with nothing. This is a great example of how Fitzgerald used the The American Dream. Jay Gatsby started from nothing and gained material wealth. But he never got the spiritual happiness because only half of his dream was fulfilled. People from all different countries used to come to America for the chance to turn their hard work into success. The American Dream is the equal opportunity for achievement and happiness. However, instead of showing us how great the dream is, The Great Gatsby shows how society has corrupted it. Fitzgerald used Jay Gatsby’s dream of wanting Daisy Buchanan as a symbol of the The Ameri can Dream. Gatsby’s understanding of the The American Dream was quite different than most people. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matte... Free Essays on Gatsby And The American Dream The American Dream is an idea that has existed throughout the United States’ history. Before the United States of America was established, immigrants from all over Western Europe stormed to America. Some immigrants came to help expand their country’s empire, some were explorers searching for new adventures, but most came for the American Dream. The American Dream for these immigrants consisted of a few basic ideas such as religious freedom, equality, and a chance to succeed in the world. These people sacrificed everything for the possibility of escaping the oppression of their native lands. The Revolutionary War was fought to uphold the American Dream. During the war, the American Dream manifested into the Declaration of Independence and later, the Bill of Rights. After the Bill of Rights was passed, freedom of religion was not the problem it had once been. Different religions could not be persecuted by the government, and everyone had the legal right to practice their own religion, whatever it might be. With the rise of industrialization, one more aspect became part of the American Dream, prosperity. As the years went on, prosperity and equality became the largest parts of the American Dream. Caucasian men were the only members of the population with equal rights. African American men now had the right to vote, but it was discouraged by such cults as the Ku Klux Klan. They were not considered equal simply on the basis of their skin color. In 1919, women were granted the right to vote as well, but they were continually looked down upon. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, sums up the American Dream of the 1920's. The novel relates the story of a man searching for his American Dream. Jay Gatsby is the main character of the novel. Gatsby’s legal name was James Gatz. Gatz grew up in North Dakota where his parents were unsuccessful farmers. Gatz was not satisfied with his parents fate and dec...

Assessing Development And Democracy In India Politics Essay

Assessing Development And Democracy In India Politics Essay A strong centred democracy has been at the heart of Indian nationalism since independence with its many languages, religions, ethnicities. In adopting the Westminster parliamentary system, India substituted the monarchy for an elected President and a legislative body consisting of a bicameral structure that includes a lower house – the Lok Sabha  and  an upper house the Rajya Sabha  Ã‚   [ 2 ]   . India is now the world’s largest parliamentary democracy, some 714 million people were eligible to vote in last year’s election   [ 3 ]   . Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected every five years with representation divided among India’s States, and seats apportioned  according to population. Members of the lower house the Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected by the legislative assemblies of the federal States and the President nominates twelve members to the Rajya Sabha based on distinguished reputations in the realm of the arts, sciences or public service   [ 4 ]   . The president is elected to office for a five year period by members of both houses. All citizens over the age of 18 years, regardless caste or religion are eligible to vote and turnout has stabilized at approximately 60%, which is particularly high by international standards   [ 5 ]   . Under Jawaharlal Nerhu’s (the first prime minster of India) nationalist ethos encompassing non alignment, socialism and secularism, the latter was the intended safe guard for religious minorities from majority rule. In an affront to the notion that democracy is a ‘Western luxury’ that developing countries cannot afford   [ 6 ]   , India’s body politic has remained markedly stable since independence, a notable exception in post colonial states. It is also viewed as an anomaly because of its incredibly diversified social strata and its ability to continue functioning as a democracy (Kothari 2005). There is no distinction for basis of ci tizenship along ethnic, religious or caste lines nor has there been any religious qualification for holding office. There has not been any significant state intervention to abolish the caste system   [ 7 ]   , although ‘untouchability’ was made illegal in the Constitution   [ 8 ]   the system has been left undisturbed. Independence and the adoption of democracy has however not resulted in any state-led political agenda of social reform, by in large society has been allowed to reform itself in a laissez faire way. A proportion of parliamentary seats and a percentage of public sector jobs were/are however reserved for members of  Other Backward Castes (OBCs), Scheduled Castes (SCs)  and  Scheduled Tribes (STs). This reserve falls under Positive Discrimination (PD)   [ 9 ]   . Bhimrao Ramji  Ambedkar (a member of the untouchable Mahar caste), provided the Dalits with their first real hope of transcending caste discrimination (Luce, 2007), ensuring that equality along caste lines was enshrined within the Constitution   [ 10 ]   . While caste disparity has not yet been alleviated in a substantial way, it has given the Dalits a feel for political mobility   [ 11 ]   . Constitutional provisions. As regards India’s post independence economic policy, it adopted a model of self-sufficiency and import substitution   [ 12 ]   . Influenced by the Soviet example of a mixed economy it turned its back on trade and foreign capital imports on the premise of being a self-sufficient industrialised nation   [ 13 ]   .This failed to take capitalize on India’s early start in modern industry   [ 14 ]   , with it rehashing many of the industries which were already in place but which, were in its view tainted by imperialism. As a result industry suffered (Bhagwati, Desai and Sen, 1997).

The Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Middle Ages - Essay Example According to (Bates,2009) â€Å"In thinking about the characteristics of a good society different people tend to emphasize different things that they consider to be important e.g. egalitarianism, personal freedom, moral values and spirituality†. Different political philosophers have different opinion about a good society. Political philosophers gives their idea based on their judgment and thinking and hence their ideas and concepts varies. However all political philosophers advocate an ideal society as one which is peaceful, prosperous and moral .Freedom of the people is also of great concern when it comes to an ideal society .The two political philosophers to be considered here are Martin Luther and Niccolo Machiavelli and their ideas and perception on a good society. Martin Luther is a professor, theologian and church reformer who believed ardently in God’s judgment and Human righteousness. Niccolo Machiavelli is a historian and diplomat from Italy and had a positive view on politics and human welfare. Martin Luther on Good Society Martin Luther was a person who had strong faith in God and was a monk whose teaching had profound impact on the society of his times. He was an advocate of love, peace, truth and Christian doctrines. He emphasized on virtue and suggested that good work must follow faith. He believed that a person should be good before he does any good act and a good person can only form a good society. His moral perception was that classical ethics of Christianity should be the basic fundamentals for an ideal society. Luther is of opinion that truth must be the foundation of a good society and not religion. As per (Voude, 2010pg.27)â€Å"Luther suggests that without truth, society founds no basis for government , no purpose in education and no standard for the passing along of the information†. Luther believed that Godlessness can lead to the destruction of a society. He demanded that faith and reason is essential element for t he well being of a person and a society. Luther explained that every member of a society should educate themselves through reading and writing to promote a society. Ignorance should not be an excuse or an option for anyone. He advocated that religion has a prominent role in the betterment of a society. Martin Luther believed in giving power to the people and allowing mass education for the upliftment of the society. He wanted the members of a society to be critical thinkers and active participants. According to him an ideal society should not be slave to the oppression by the wealthy and rich class. Niccolo Machiavelli on a Good Society Niccolo Machiavelli is a great philosopher and a political thinker Italy has ever seen. Machiavelli had a positive outlook on humanity but had a bad reputation as leader as Hitler and Mussolini followed him to acquire and power and position in the society. Machiavelli highly regarded for position and power in a society and believed not much on moral and ethics. He is supportive of war and explained many strategies to win a war. This shows that he is not a person who idealizes peace and harmony .He is a person who gives importance to passions and dominative power. Machiavelli was more concentrated on gaining power and authority by the means of war. He believed that evil actions can bring good results. He believed that the common men are of weak nature and require a strong ruler in order to remain in

Cryptographic Failures and Challenges Assignment

Cryptographic Failures and Challenges - Assignment Example The crippling weaknesses discovered in the Taiwanese Citizen Digital Certificate Program spread uncertainty that certifications intended to guarantee cryptographic security used by governments and enemies cannot circumvent other delicate organizations. The scientists revealed what they termed a ‘fatal flaw’ in the hardware random number generator which in normally used to make sure that the numbers that make the raw materials of crypto keys are not based on noticeable patterns. Randomness is considered a fundamental element in ensuring enemies does not hack the cryptographic keys reinforcement in the smartcards provided to the Taiwanese citizens. For the over 2 million 1024-bit RSA keys examined, about 184 keys were developed so defectively, they could be hacked in a few hours by use of known mathematical techniques and standard computers. However, if the keys had been developed right, hacking them so fast would have needed a huge supercomputer. It, therefore, reveals the feebleness of cryptographic protections that millions of individuals increasingly depend on to protect their business-sensitive secrets and most personal secrets. The case is an example of one of the many cases revealing weaknesses in encryptions. In conclusion, cryptography is very vital as it invention was meant on secrecy and, therefore, there should be some ways of ensuring that they uphold their mandate. In addition, since most of the breakings done are usually linked with poor generation of raw materials or codes, persons involved should be kept on their toes so that they ensure to work correctly as

Hostility and aggression Essay Example for Free

Hostility and aggression Essay This tells the audience automatically that when he feels he has no power against his family he tries to prove himself so that he would get recognised for his qualities of being a man. So therefore he proves his manliness by showing Rodolpho a few passes of boxing, but really show that he is man but Rodolpho isnt. He shows Rodolpho some boxing to make him and everyone understand that if you want to be a man you need to know how to fight. It was also as if Eddie had purposely asked Rodlopho to try a bit of boxing so that Eddie could hit him, but instead make it seem accidental. From this part the tension starts to build up between Eddie Rodolpho and Marco. The final idea Eddie would consider as manliness id for his name to be respected. He is very dominant over his name and doesnt like to be seen as a bad person. I want my name! (Page 82) Eddie is extremely protective over his reputation in his neighbourhood as he would hate for anyone to make him out as a bad person or anything that would destroy his existent in his community. Eddie is a forceful, energetic and obsessive character, but he is also a character who can show warmth and some generosity. It is obvious throughout the play that he has unnatural feelings for his niece Catherine as he lays down the rules for her not to expose herself. Eddie always comments on the clothes she wears as if they were inappropriate for anyone to see but him. where you goin all dressed up? (Page 13) Rodolphos manliness is completely different to Eddies Standard of manliness. Rodolphos manliness doesnt really measure up to Eddies as they both have very different qualities. Eddie has many different things that he considers to be manly, and feels that Rodolpho does not conform to his idea of masculinity because he can cook, sing and make dresses. Rodolpho is a young man who is seemed to be attracted by Catherine. We know this because he explains his wonderful features, in a conversation with Beatrice. hes a good-lookin fella (Page 34) His sense of humour is not missed in this play, we can tell that hes quite funny and is on the good side of a lot of people except Eddie. This is because Rodolpho is man of many talents, such as he can cook, sing and make dresses. When any of these are mentioned around Eddie he makes it sound as if as if Rodolpho isnt a man but a homosexual. Eddie tries to humiliate Rodolpho informant of Catherine to make Rodolpho look bad because he isnt a typical man so Eddie tries to insults him by being sarcastic. Eddie may come across as not liking Rodolpho as a person, but it is obvious that the only reason he doesnt like him is because of his talents, he sneers at Rodolphos Talents as if he is jealous because he and Catherine have taken a shine to each other. He also feels quite envious of Rodolpho because Catherine doesnt care about Rodlphos manliness but only of the things that really matter such as the personality. Rodolpho shows a romantic quality towards Catherine, as soon as he entered the play they had fallen in love with one another. Eddie feels Rodolphos doesnt love Catherine, but is putting on an act to become an American citizen. Katie, hes only bowin to his passport. (Page 41) Catherine thinks this is untrue and believes that he truly loves her, and that hed never do anything like that. Rdodlphos and Catherines love is very powerful and is quite genuine. My heart dies to look at you. (Page 61) Rodlphos character is made known through his caring personality. He is thoughtful, sensitive and is an intelligent person who feels a sense of responsibility for those who he loves. Rodolphos idea of manliness is to provide for Catherine and support her through everything. Hed hate to see her suffering for him. How can I bring you from a rich country to suffer in a poor country? (Page 60) This implies that Rodolpho is worried for Catherines welfare if they lived in Italy. We can tell that he really wants to provide for her but feels he wont be able to because of the lack of jobs that are offered in Italy. So hed rather work hard in America to earn money so that he could support and provide for Catherine. We work hard, well work all day all night___ (Page 29) Rodolpho and his brother will do anything to get some money as they are desperate to provide their family back in Italy. They would rather work all night than do nothing at all for their family. This proves that they are very loyal to their families and when trouble strikes they always find a way through it. Rodolphos and Eddies manliness are very different. Between Eddie and Rodolpho, Rodolphos manliness does not measure up to Eddies standard as he all about being relaxed and calm, whereas Eddie is mainly about being powerful and being able to fight. They are two very different characters which are shown and articulated in loads of different ways, but mainly through their manliness. Marcos character is very powerful and he really shows his masculinity but you can see the clear difference between himself, Eddie and Rodolpho. Marco is a conventional man who thinks traditionally about how to support his wife and kids. Marco is seen as the strongest of the two brothers as he likes to defend his family if any sort of remark is made. For example when Eddie comments about how his wife will be unfaithful during his time away. I mean, you know-they count the kids and theres a couple extra than when they left? (Page 52) Marco responds very quickly and results by saying No-No the women wait, Eddie-most most very few surprises. (Page 52) This suggests that Marco can get aggressive over remarks like this but strides past it as he has a strong sense of responsibility to his family. Marco has a duty to his family whilst hes in America. Hes earning money for them so that they are able to eat as they are quite poor at the moment. Marco knows it was a risk arriving illegally to America but he thought about it and done what he thought was the best for his family. Marco shows he is responsible and always thinks before he acts. Marco doesnt really come across as the main character but more of an antagonist of the play. He hardly shows aggression unless he feels his family are getting exploited. Marco really feels the hurt when Eddie takes advantage of Rodolpho, so hes raged with anger about their boxing match. Marco then challenges Eddie to lifting a chair as some sort of revenge, to show Eddie up. [Marco face to face with Eddie a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaw, his neck stiff, the chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head] (Page 58) Marco challenges Eddie to see is he is a man like he insulted Rodolpho of not being a man. This shows that Marco is very defensive over his brother Rodolpho, it symbolises Marcos impending judgement and punishment, anticipates the way in which Marco, rather that Rodolpho, is to become Eddies main opponent. This proves that they are a very protective family who all look out for each other. Marcos Ideas of manliness is expresses very conventionally. Marco is a family man and came to America to earn money to support them. What can I do? The older one is sick in his chest. My wife-she feeds them from her own mouth. I tell you the truth, If I stay there they will never grow up. They eat the sunshine (Page 29) Marco really wants to support his family and feels America is his only option to do that. Marco has proven that hed do anything for his family. Whatever there is, anything (Page 28) All the men in this play have different ideas of manliness. Eddie is far more protective of Catherine than his own wife, he obviously loves Beatrice but not enough if she feels Eddie gives her less attention than Catherine. When am I going to be a wife again Eddie? (Page 36) She really feels unsettled around her husband and wishes he paid less attention to Catherine and more to her. Rodolpho is supportive; hes come over with his brother to earn money and to be able to buy the things hes always dreamed of. When I am rich, and I will buy a motorcycle. (Page 30) coming to America to earn money shows that it will change Rodolphos life, he will be able to buy anything that hes always dreamed of. Marco is the most traditional man, he really shows that he is powerful and a family man, who will always support them. Marco acts very conventionally towards his family, this could be because he may have been brought up this way, to be respectful and always support the wife. Hostility today is viewed upon as abuse, but in the time the play was written hostility was part of a day to day running of peoples lives. Hostility in the play is shown between Eddie and Rodolpho. When Rodolpho and Marco arrive Eddie feels quite insecure about his status in his household. Eddie tries hard to keep his status of being the man of the house whilst Rodolpho and Marco are around. Eddie is very hostile towards Rodolpho because he thinks he is a homosexual. Marco knows Eddie feels this way about Rodolpho, but doesnt quite understand why hed feel this way about a member of his family. Marco is very unhappy about this and so this then creates the aggression in the play. From the arrival of Rodolpho and Marco, various conflicts between Himself and Eddie have resulted in which Marco demonstrating his masculinity over Eddie. This then makes Eddie feel quite threatened and anxious. Eddie calls Rodolpho Danish rather than by his name to make fun of his appearance. Now, watch out, here I come, Danish! (Page 57) Eddie is mocking Rodolphos appearance because its not a typical mans appearance. Eddie refers to Rodolpho as Danish because he has blue eyes and blonde hair, but in other words a homosexual. This is an example of where Marco feels the anger of Eddie exploiting his Brother. It is also an example of where the hostility is clearly shown between Rodolpho and Eddie, and so this is where aggression is used between Marco and Eddie. Marco then demonstrates later his manliness to make Eddie nervous and regretful of his earlier actions towards Rodolpho. In the play a view from the Bridge the women are treated unfairly, and are constantly mocked by Eddie. The play also shows how Beatrice and Catherine are abused through verbal violence by eddies constant stereotyping. The way Beatrice and Catherine are indentified id through their aggression, they are no the sort of characters who show their aggression a lot but only when the tension starts to build when Rodolpho falls in love with Catherine, which is what Eddie finds hard to deal with. Beatrice is one of the very caring characters of the play, she is always there for everyone and this is one thing that Beatrice gets mocked for by her husband Eddie. He says to her Im just worried about you, thats all Im worried (page 61) this suggests that Eddie has got tight grips on her and that she should stop being caring and nice to people. Beatrice is always in the middle of any arguments and ends up being the mediator, but at the same time shes always trying to please her husband so he treats her the way she wants to be treated. Beatrice is always tied between her Husband and everyone else. This implies that Eddie has a lot of control over her and he has trained her well as being his wife. Eddie feels that he needs to mock Beatrice to feel a sense of power. Catherine is a young lady who is growing up to be a woman. She has met the man of her dreams and wants to marry him, but theres only one thing stopping her, Eddie. Eddie has brought up Catherine like a daughter but has experienced feelings for her that are unnatural which he and Catherine cant quite understand. Eddie has looked after Catherine for so long that he has developed a possessiveness over her. He has become overprotective and is unable to let go of her after all the years he has taken care of her. When Catherine comes home and explains what she thinks is good news to Eddie and Beatrice, Eddie is furious over how she could take a job without his permission. I should take the job at the end of the year (Page 18) she explains how much good it will be for her but he just keeps going on about how young she is and is only still a child. This shows that Eddie is not yet ready to let go of Catherine but if he doesnt she will disown him and then he would probably never see her again. Eddie has shown that he is quite a controlling man and also that he has a caring side to him but it is expressed through his anger by him being very manipulative towards his wife Beatrice and nice Catherine.

The Formation of Capitalism in European History Essay example -- Europ

The Formation of Capitalism in European History "Pure capitalism is characterized by private ownership of resources and by reliance on markets, in which buyers and sellers come together and determine what quantities of goods and resources are sold and at what price. Here no central authority oversees production and consumption. Rather, economic decisions are coordinated by the actions of large numbers of consumers and producers, each operating in his or her own self-interest. Because property is privately owned, it can be used in whatever manner its owner chooses (Ragan and Thomas, p. 46)." Europe had its capitalistic beginnings in the mid-seventeenth century. However, medieval Europe is characterized by the antithesis of this kind of economy. Who caused the pendulum to swing? Historians, with their tendency to generalize, often lose in the aggregate, or barely touch upon the root reformers of this era. The Northern Italians laid the foundations for the dissolution of the feudal order and the transformation of Europe into a capitalist region. Life in medieval Europe can be characterized by sameness. That is, relative to the life expectancy of a human being, little changed from year to year. Granted, there were periods of war and civil unrest, but the society as a whole remained unchanged. If a person was born into a poor family, then he or she would remain poor with virtually no exceptions. Society was regimented from top to bottom with predetermined social status, and no room for the ambitious. Even an individual's social contacts were largely limited to their local area. The vast majority of medieval society was engaged in agricultural endeavors. These endeavors were carried out on communal farms owned by a nobl... ...he Northern Italian commercial influence took hold, the old order was destined to fail. Considering the plight of the serfs, it is of no wonder why mercantilism grew in appeal. The capitalistic enterprise offered never encounter opportunities for the ambitious. This gave rise to growing, innovative and prosperous Europe. Cited Works Birdzell, L. E., Jr. & Rosenberg, Nathan. How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World. Basic Books. New York: 1986. Crow, John A. Italy: A Journey Through Time. Harper & Row. New York: 1965, Hilton, Rodney. The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism. Humanities Press. London: 1976. Pirenne, Henri. A History of Europe. University Books. New Hyde Park, New York: 1955. Ragan, James F., Jr. & Thomas, Lloyd B., Jr. Principles of Macroeconomics. The Dryden Press. Fort Worth, TX: 1992.

Maggie Hobson Essay

Maggie’s personality in act one gives us the impression that she is very bossy and always wants her own way, â€Å"this is a shop you know, we are not here to let people go without buying†. She is bossing Albert Prosser into buying a pair of boots. I think that this makes her have an unpleasant appearance and is not the sort of person people like very much. During the play the author changes your mind by showing a different aspect to her personality. In act one, she acts very busy â€Å"she crosses and takes her place at desk†, â€Å"she busies herself with an account book†. This makes us think that she is the main boss of the shop. We also think that she does most of the work. The first thoughts of her is that she is anti-social. Alice : â€Å"oh it’s you, I hoped it was father going out†. Maggie : â€Å"it isn’t†. She is acting ‘businesslike’ and doesn’t seem to be acting very friendly to her sister Alice. Maggie is unromantic, she doesn’t think that there is any need for courtship before marriage, â€Å"See that slipper with the fancy buckle on to make it pretty ? Courting’s like that my lass. All glitter and no use to nobody. † This shows that she doesn’t believe in courting. Really courting is nothing like a slipper, but Maggie has a practical personality and doesn’t believe in wasting time. She is a lady who always get what she wants and doesn’t believe that you should waste time over courting when you can get married straight away. Maggie organises the household and arranges the dinner time, â€Å"so that, if you stay more than an hour in the Moonraker’s Inn, you’ll be late for it. † This show that she is trying to take over the main lead in the family role, when it should be her father’s role to say when the dinner should be ready because that was the norm in that era. Maggie has swapped roles with him. Hobson is very rude to his daughters, Alice and Vicky, about their delight in fashionable clothing and the idea of getting them married. Maggie is not included in the conversation of marriage. She then asks him what he thinks of her getting married. He lets her know he hasn’t given her any thought of marriage and is very rude giving his opinion of her, â€Å"but if you want the brutal truth, you’re pass the marrying age, you’re a proper old maid Maggie if ever there was one. † She reacts offended and upset to this remark and tells him that she is only thirty. We can tell that she wants to get married as well as her two sisters, Alice and Vicky.

Letters

For the longest time I have felt abandoned and deserted in this world. I see the world move fast   around, feeling dizzy of the haste and hurry of each day and yet in spite of the all the color and life of the world I still felt like I’m in a desert, alone and far from anything alive. Reading this book has opened my eyes and has led me to see God in my everyday life. In my life where I have felt alone and deserted for the longest time, it seems like a miracle that when you try and open your eyes and arms to embrace God’s presence you realize that he is indeed here with us. This book has taught me to open my heart to God and keep him welcome to stay and guide me. I believe that I felt that way for the longest time because I failed to recognize that everyday God is with me. That every achievement is a gift from God even the down times are gifts from God. You emphasized in your book that god is always with us, in the flesh of our brethren as Jesus has said in the bible that whatever we have done unto our brothers we have done unto him. Everyday God touches our lives through our fellowmen. I remember last Christmas, as I was walking home from the sweetshop, lonesome as I was, a young boy gave me a lollipop and it brightened my day. But back then I failed to recognize that it was God telling me that he is always with me, watching me and intending for me to be happy always. As I look back now I see that the emptiness that I felt is because I failed to recognize God’s presence in my life and my failure to offer back to his glory everything that I do in my life. It is more fulfilling to offer back to God everything that we do and to return to him all the praise and glory that we can give. There is no meaning in working for ourselves alone, but there is meaning in working for God and his people. Finally, I learned about forgiveness. I learned to forgive myself and other people as well by recognizing how forgiving God is with our trespasses. That no matter what we do, how much we have sinned, He always welcomes us with open arms and with his eternal love. This book is a call to return to God’s embrace. The Lord has used Elephant to call back his flock to return unto him. One chapter captures the great message of returning to God, the one which deals with Jesus, and who Jesus is. Indeed Jesus is the greatest love of all, he is God’s love for us all. He gave us Jesus his only son to save us from eternal damnation. As it is said in the Bible in John 3:16, â€Å"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever shall believe in Him, will not perish, but will receive eternal life.† All the discussion about life,Who is God, God’s presence, Marriage, who the devil is, and others are all to me suppletory to the renewal of our faith in God. Elephant has aptly summed in a single chapter the greatest reason to believe and return to God and his embrace. To know the sacrifice that God has made in order to save us and give us the eternal life which he intended for us in the beginning as can be seen in Exodus 20:3-7â€Å"I am the Lord your God who brought you out of Egypt, where you were slaves. Worship no other god but me. Do not make for yourselves images of anything in heaven or on earth or in the water under the earth. Do not bow down to any idol or worship it, because I am the Lord your God and tolerate no rivals. I bring punishment on those who hate me and on their descendants down to the third and fourth generation. But I show my love to thousands of generations of those who love me and obey my laws.†Ã‚   Is enough reason for us to believe and believe firmly in God’s presence in our life. The small manifestations of his presence through our brethren should serve only to strengthen what he has proven when he gave us Jesus for our salvation. His greatest message of all, which God has conveyed through you, is that he, is here with us, he has always been here, and will always be here for us. There is no room for our faith to flicker because he is real and each of us is a living proof. I have angered God. In a lot of ways I have failed God. I have failed to render help to those who needed my help. I have failed to receive God when he needed shelter. I have failed to live a life that is pleasing to him. I have failed to be the child of God. I recognize all my failures but now I realize that I am wrong, I may have done all these but I have never angered God. God who has eternal love and a fountain of mercy and forgiveness. God who has given his son to save me from the fires of hell. I may be a sinner, but God has not given up on sinners like me. All throughout the bible, sinners are always given the chance to repent for their sins and God has always made a way for them to return back to him. I have realized, by reading this book that no matter how much you have sinned, if you receive God in your heart he will forgive you and receive you. If man comes with sincerity and bow before God, then God’s grace will forgive, and ultimately, save him Because God is love and love flows from him. I have long kept a fear that God hates me because I have angered him greatly through all my sins and wrongdoings but you have proven me wrong. I now know that His grace is eternal and unending. And I am no longer afraid of the end of my days because I know that God is with me and will always be with me, forgiving and loving until the end of time.

Five forces for Zappos Essay Example

Five forces for Zappos Essay Example Five forces for Zappos Paper Five forces for Zappos Paper The menace of new entrants into the on-line shoe/apparel market is comparatively little due to the fact that Zappos is such an established trade name and has specialized their concern theoretical account. It would be far excessively expensive for a new company to copy the features of Zappos including their following twenty-four hours bringing and big operating expense. The fact that Zappos was losing money ab initio illustrates this trouble. Another issue that would make a high barrier to entry is Zappos committedness to the consumer through nightlong transportation. Zappos stated that the nightlong transportation caused them to go forth their warehouses open for the full twenty-four hours. Any other company would be at a competitory disadvantage if they didn’t fit this concern pattern. In all the manner Zappos does concern creates excessively high a barrier to entry for menaces of new entry to be high ; for that ground we would rate it 2 OF 5. _Substitutes_ We would rate replacements at 3 OF 5. being that the menace is slightly mean. With the singularity of Zappos. non many shops can fit such a shopping experience service as Zappos. The ground we ranked the menace of replacements at 3 of 5 is because there are Brick and Mortar Stores that may be used as replacements of Zappos. These forte shops are non up to Zappos criterions. but at the same clip their specialisation with certain merchandises make them a menace to Zappos. The whole person-to-person contact can hold a large advantage in footings of client service. Zappos replies by extraordinary client service. which truly makes the mean consumer feel as if they are particular and are in contact with a existent individual. : _Rivalry_ The competition with existing houses for Zappos is just. we gave it a evaluation of 3. 5 OF 5. A chief rival for on-line retail is Amazon ; nevertheless Amazon late bought out Zappos. Since their largest rival is now a sister company. the chief competition Zappos faces are extremely specialised online retail merchants – such as Karmaloop and EastBay. These rivals pose a menace to some of Zappos’ subdivisions such as athletic places. featuring goods. accoutrements. and dress. Both of these sites offer free transportation every bit good. so that takes off one of Zappos’ chief competitory advantages. Zappos still has the premier client service. Currently their biggest challenger is eBay. eBay offers everything that Zappos does. and sometimes at a lower monetary value. However since eBay is an auction site. it can non vouch a set monetary value or free transportation like Zappos can. Customer service is where Zappos sets itself apart from its competition. offering a 365 twenty-four hours return policy and 24/7 call centre hours based in the US. _Suppliers_ We rated the bargaining power of providers at a 5 OF 5 because Zappos has a batch of purchase. A ground behind this is Zappos couldn’t map efficaciously without a co-op provider since they are a distribution company. If the provider decided that they wanted more money per cargo so Zappos most likely comply. Taking the resources to happen new supplies can be really dearly-won. Besides. they may non be able to happen a provider that can offer them the same assortment of trade names and manners that the current provider does. Another manner the provider has dickering power is that there are other companies like Amazon or Overstock. com that they could take to make concern with if Zappos isn’t fulfilling their demands. The provider is perchance the most important nexus in the value concatenation for Zappos and for this ground they have a batch of dickering power with Zappos. _Customers_ There are two aspects we can look at the dickering power of clients. ( 1 ) Zappos is client service based and the clients know that. If the clients lose their power. Zappos may lose clients. ( 2 ) Customer’s do non hold many direct replacements. Places are a necessity and here are few options like Zappos for purchasing places online. In kernel they lose a spot of their power by this fact. Opportunities are if the client does non wish brick and howitzer shops ( physical shopping ) they will still necessitate to buy from Zappos but it opens up spread so of which a new entrant may seek to take advantage. Keeping both those facets in head. the dickering power of clients can be considered intermediate ; therefore a evaluation of 3 OF 5. Decision Zappos has created a really structural attractive company. There is a batch of room for growing with the recent purchase by Amazon. ZAPPOS FIVE FORCES AND SWOT ANALYSIS’ First fix a Five Force Analysis of how Zappos operates utilizing Michael Porter’s model. Supply a short. direct and to the point analysis of each of the five forces every bit good as a Decision about the overall structural attraction of the industry in which your company operates. Confirm your analysis with DATA. Second. show an overall SWOT analysis of Zappos. discourse the deductions of the analysis for future strategic options the company might turn to. You may utilize a narrative manner or diagram for each of the industry forces and your SWOT analysis. In all instances you must Supply A SCALE of how you rate each force in footings of its consequence on the industry’s fight now and in the hereafter. e. g. High/Medium/Low and Increasing/Decreasing/ Staying the Same. The aim of this instance is for you to understand how the picks a company makes about its resources and capablenesss will impact its strategic viability.

Effect of FDI on Chinas Technological Status Essay

Effect of FDI on Chinas Technological Status - Essay Example The researcher states that China is an emerging economy and has continued to experience great economic success starting about thirty years ago when the country achieved economic liberalization. China has successfully participated in trade and investments at the global level, thus is well integrated into the economy at the global level. Most importantly, the FDI inflows in China today are considerably high and the many foreign firms in the country continue to enhance its growth economically. Technology being a critical component of any country’s economy remains highly crucial for the development of any country, including China. In China, the policymakers have in the recent years paid great attention to technological development in the country and the major aim is to make China a technologically sophisticated country. Being an important component of the economy, it is no doubt that FDI in China influences the country’s technology. China has experienced a remarkable increa se in its FDI, and this has continued to grow to start from the mid-1980s. The paper shows data on the yearly FDI inflows of China between the year 1985 and 2014 and this exhibits an increase in FDI inflows in China, even as this stood at $2 billion in the year 1985 and grew to reach $128 billion in the year 2014. In all the developing countries of the world, China ranks among the four largest receivers of FDI and in the year 2014 estimates by the United Nations indicated that China was the worlds largest destination for FDI inflows and Hong Kong and the United States followed behind. It is predicted that there will be persistent FDI inflows in China even in the future because currently, they are still modest. Foreign companies contribute immensely to the growth of the economy in China, even as these are the source of FDI in the country. These foreign-invested enterprises remain core to Chinas foreign trade even as they continue to contribute to the growth of foreign trade in China. In the year 2014, foreign companies accounted for 46.3 percent and 45.9 percent of Chinas imports and exports respectively, even though the peak was experienced in the year 2006 when the percentage of imports and exports accounted for by the foreign companies were 59.7 and 58.2 respectively.

Sensation and Perception Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sensation and Perception Homework - Essay Example For this process to complete the function of the eye is the most important one and its shape, size and location determine the capacity and functionality of the seeing capacity. Before deciding the design of eye for the new animal species, the most important thing we have to consider is the habitat and the surrounding environment where it will have to struggle for its survival. The foremost thing we should know is whether it is a hunting and assaulting animal or if it is a prey animal taken for food purpose. For the species involved in hunting the frontal eyes suit better because these eyes can give excellent depth perception due to the location in front of the head. On the other hand, the lateral position of eyes suits better for the prey-animals which gives them a panoramic view of the objects and helps them to anticipate and percept their hunters. After the placement of eye, its size and shape also determine its functionality. There are mainly two types of eyes, the most developed eyes like we, the human beings, have and the simple ones like a patch of photosensitive pigment which is found in many worms. The third option for designing the visual system is about its ability for movement. The movement of eyes helps the living beings to see objects from different angles giving better view of the object. However, the movement of the eyes is not sufficient in itself, the body shape should also facilitate in its movements to have wider seeing perspective. Thus, I would like for the new animal species a visual design which has frontal position to give excellent depth perception, medium sized to allow fast movements and the starling-like eye movements. 1.2 About fifty years ago, many a brain disorders were undiagnosed due to the lack of modern-day equipments and the research which by now has facilitated the medical professionals to anticipate and diagnose complicated neurological and brain disorders like Parkinson's, Anton's syndrome, and Meige syndrome etc. due to the lack of proper awareness about such disorders, the lives of patients were miserable and they had to rely much on their attendants. The real problem with some of the patients having brain disorder was that they did not realize they suffered some sort of disorder like in Meige syndrome in which the patients affirmed quite adamantly that they were capable of seeing even though they cortically blind. However, now the medical science has made extensive researches and is now able to control these disorders to some extent (Charles Bonnet Syndrome. 2007). However, it is a matter of concern that there is no specific treatment for these disorders and the medical professionals are able to control it in initial stages as well as handling some symptoms of the disorder. It is hoped that with further concentrated researches, these disorders will be controlled efficiently within next 50 years. 1.3 Structure of the Eye The structure of the eye or as is called the eyeball, is spherical approximately 2.5 cm in diameter. The outer part of the eye consists of three layers of tissue. The outside layer is the sclera having protective coating and it covers about five-sixth of the eye surface. The middle layer is called choroids, a vascular layer which is continuous with the ciliary body and with the iris. It lies at the front of the eye. The innermost layer of the eye is the